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---
title: Orekit governance
date: 2023-02-15 23:18:33 +01:00
modified: 2023-02-15 23:18:38 +01:00
layout: default_orekit
---
<h1 class="title">OREKIT Governance</h1>
<p class="lead">2017-10-26</p>
<h2>Table of content</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#introduction"><span class="toc-section-number">1</span> Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#overview"><span class="toc-section-number">2</span> Overview</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#roles-and-responsibilities"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1</span> Roles and responsibilities</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#users"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1.1</span> Users</a></li>
<li><a href="#contributors-and-active-contributors"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1.2</span> Contributors and active contributors</a></li>
<li><a href="#committers"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1.3</span> Committers</a></li>
<li><a href="#project-management-committee-pmc"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1.4</span> Project management committee (PMC)</a></li>
<li><a href="#pmc-chair"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1.5</span> PMC Chair</a></li>
<li><a href="#support"><span class="toc-section-number">2.1.6</span> Support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#decision-making-process"><span class="toc-section-number">2.2</span> Decision making process</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#lazy-consensus"><span class="toc-section-number">2.2.1</span> Lazy consensus</a></li>
<li><a href="#voting"><span class="toc-section-number">2.2.2</span> Voting</a></li>
<li><a href="#types-of-approval"><span class="toc-section-number">2.2.3</span> Types of approval</a></li>
<li><a href="#when-is-a-vote-required"><span class="toc-section-number">2.2.4</span> When is a vote required?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#contribution-process"><span class="toc-section-number">2.3</span> Contribution process</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#contributor-license-agreements"><span class="toc-section-number">2.3.1</span> Contributor License Agreements</a></li>
<li><a href="#software-grants"><span class="toc-section-number">2.3.2</span> Software Grants</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#annex-contributor-license-agreements-and-software-grants"><span class="toc-section-number">3</span> Annex: contributor license agreements and software grants</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#icla"><span class="toc-section-number">3.1</span> ICLA</a></li>
<li><a href="#ccla"><span class="toc-section-number">3.2</span> CCLA</a></li>
<li><a href="#software-grant"><span class="toc-section-number">3.3</span> Software grant</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Successive versions</h2>
<table class="table table-hover">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th style="text-align: center;">VERSION</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">DATE</th>
<th>REASON</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">1</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2010/09/21</td>
<td>Creation</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">2</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2012/09/27</td>
<td>PMC vote further to July 2012 meeting</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">3</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2012/10/26</td>
<td>Updated links</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">4</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2017/10/26</td>
<td>Change rules for urgent patch releases</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 data-number="1" id="introduction"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Introduction</h1>
<p>OREKIT (ORbits Extrapolation KIT) is a free low level space dynamics
library written in Java. It provides basic elements (orbits, dates,
attitude, frames…) and various algorithms to handle them (conversions,
analytical and numerical propagation, pointing…).</p>
<p>OREKIT is developed under APACHE V2.0 license. All contributions to
OREKIT have to be compliant with the terms and conditions of this
license. This license belongs to the “Business Friendly” category. It
allows use, modification and redistribution. It does not impose further
obligation to derived products.</p>
<p>The following document describes the governance model under which
OREKIT is run. It has been established on the meritocratic governance
model proposed by OSS Watch, under Creative Commons License:
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Attribution Share Alike</a>.</p>
<p>Read more: <a href="http://oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/meritocraticgovernancemodel" class="uri">http://oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/meritocraticgovernancemodel</a></p>
<h1 data-number="2" id="overview"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Overview</h1>
<p>OREKIT is a consensus-based community project. Anyone with an
interest in OREKIT can join its community, contribute to its design and
participate in the decision making process. This document describes how
that participation takes place and how to set about earning merit within
OREKIT community.</p>
<h2 data-number="2.1" id="roles-and-responsibilities"><span class="header-section-number">2.1</span> Roles and responsibilities</h2>
<h3 data-number="2.1.1" id="users"><span class="header-section-number">2.1.1</span> Users</h3>
<p>Users are community members who have a need for OREKIT. They are the
most important members of the community and without them OREKIT would
have no purpose. Anyone can be a user; there are no special
requirements.</p>
<p>OREKIT asks its users to participate in the project and community as
much as possible. The objective of the users’ contributions is to enable
OREKIT to be in phase with the needs of the users. Common user
contributions include (but are not limited to):</p>
<ul>
<li>evangelizing about OREKIT (e.g. a link on a website and
word-of-mouth awareness raising)</li>
<li>informing developers of strengths and weaknesses from a new user
perspective</li>
<li>providing moral support (a ‘thank you’ goes a long way)</li>
<li>providing financial support (the software is open source, but its
developers need to eat)</li>
</ul>
<p>Users who continue to engage with OREKIT and its community will often
become more and more involved. Such users may find themselves becoming
contributors, as described in the next section.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.1.2" id="contributors-and-active-contributors"><span class="header-section-number">2.1.2</span> Contributors and active contributors</h3>
<p>Contributors are community members who contribute in concrete ways to
OREKIT. Anyone can become a contributor and contributions can take many
forms, such as those outlined below and in the above section on users.
There is no expectation of commitment to the project, no specific skill
requirements and no selection process. In addition to their actions as
users, contributors will also find themselves doing one or more of the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li>supporting new users (existing users are often the best people to
support new users)</li>
<li>reporting bugs</li>
<li>identifying requirements</li>
<li>providing graphics and web design</li>
<li>programming</li>
<li>assisting with project infrastructure</li>
<li>writing documentation</li>
<li>fixing bugs</li>
<li>adding features</li>
</ul>
<p>Contributors must clearly notify they agree with the fact that their
patches will be integrated in OREKIT under APACHE V2.0 license. For
this, they have to tick the appropriate box when they attach their patch
to a bug report in the anomaly management tool in order to confirm that
their contribution will be governed by the APACHE V2.0 license terms and
conditions, otherwise their contribution will not be part of OREKIT.</p>
<p>Contributors engage with OREKIT through the issue tracker and mailing
list, or by writing or editing documentation. They submit changes to the
project itself via <a href="http://oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/softwarepatch">patches</a>,
which will be considered for inclusion in the project by existing
committers (see next section). The developer mailing list is the most
appropriate place to ask for help when making that first
contribution.</p>
<p>As contributors gain experience and familiarity with the project,
their profile within, and commitment to, the community will increase. At
some stage, they may find themselves being nominated for committership,
as described in the next section.</p>
<p>An active contributor is a contributor who has:</p>
<ul>
<li>a valid e-mail address attached to his profile</li>
<li>in the last 12 months contributed in concrete ways to OREKIT</li>
<li>a maximum delay of reactivity of 3 weeks under solicitation</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-number="2.1.3" id="committers"><span class="header-section-number">2.1.3</span> Committers</h3>
<p>Committers are community members who have shown that they are
committed to the continued development of OREKIT through ongoing
engagement with OREKIT and its community. Committership allows
contributors to more easily carry on with OREKIT related activities by
giving them direct access to OREKIT resources. That is, they can make
changes directly to OREKIT outputs, without having to submit changes via
patches.</p>
<p>This does not mean that a committer is free to do what he wants. In
fact, committers have no more authority over OREKIT than contributors.
While committership indicates a valued member of the community who has
demonstrated a healthy respect for OREKIT aims and objectives, their
work continues to be reviewed by the community before acceptance in an
official release. The key difference between a committer and a
contributor is when this approval is sought from the community. A
committer seeks approval after the contribution is made, rather than
before.</p>
<p>Seeking approval after making a contribution is known as a
commit-then-review process. It is more efficient to allow trusted people
to make direct contributions, as the majority of those contributions
will be accepted by the project. OREKIT employs various communication
mechanisms to ensure that all contributions are reviewed by the
community as a whole, but there is no need to detail them here. By the
time a contributor is invited to become a committer, they will have
become familiar with the project’s various tools as a user and then as a
contributor.</p>
<p>Anyone can become a committer; there are no special requirements,
other than to have shown a willingness and ability to participate in the
project as a team player. Typically, a potential committer will need to
show that he has an understanding of OREKIT, its objectives and its
strategy. He will also has provided valuable contributions to OREKIT
over a period of time.</p>
<p>To obtain rights for base access, committers will have to sign a
commitment (Individual Contributor License Agreement -ICLA- or Corporate
Contributor License Agreement -CCLA-) indicating that every contribution
to OREKIT they will register in the base is covered by APACHE V2.0
license.</p>
<p>New committers can be nominated by any existing committer. Once they
have been nominated, there will be a vote by the project management
committee (PMC; see below). Committer voting is one of the few
activities that takes place on the project’s private management list.
This is to allow PMC members to freely express their opinions about a
nominee without causing embarrassment. Once the vote has been held, the
aggregated voting results are published on the public mailing list. The
nominee is entitled to request an explanation of any ‘no’ votes against
them, regardless of the outcome of the vote. This explanation will be
provided by the PMC Chair (see below) and will be anonymous and
constructive in nature.</p>
<p>Nominees may decline their appointment as a committer. However, this
is unusual, as the project does not expect any specific time or resource
commitment from its community members. The intention behind the role of
committer is to allow people to contribute to the project more easily,
not to tie them in to the project in any formal way.</p>
<p>It is important to recognize that committership is a privilege, not a
right. That privilege must be earned and once earned it can be removed
by the PMC (see next section) in extreme circumstances. However, under
normal circumstances committership exists for as long as the committer
wishes to continue engaging with the project.</p>
<p>A committer who shows an above-average level of contribution to
OREKIT, particularly with respect to its strategic direction and
long-term health, may be nominated to become a member of the PMC. This
role is described below.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.1.4" id="project-management-committee-pmc"><span class="header-section-number">2.1.4</span> Project management committee (PMC)</h3>
<p>The PMC has additional responsibilities over and above those of a
committer. These responsibilities ensure the smooth running of the
project. PMC members are expected to review code contributions,
participate in strategic planning, approve changes to the governance
model and manage the copyrights within the project outputs.</p>
<p>Members of the PMC do not have significant authority over other
members of the community, although it is the PMC that votes on new
committers. It also makes decisions when community consensus cannot be
reached. In addition, the PMC has access to the project’s private
mailing list and its archives. This list is used for sensitive issues,
such as votes for new committers and legal matters that cannot be
discussed in public. It is never used for project management or
planning.</p>
<p>Membership of the PMC is by invitation from the existing PMC members.
A nomination will result in discussion and then a vote by the existing
PMC members. PMC membership votes are subject to consensus approval of
the current PMC members.</p>
<p>Any member of the PMC is free to leave after having informed the PMC
of his decision.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.1.5" id="pmc-chair"><span class="header-section-number">2.1.5</span> PMC Chair</h3>
<p>The PMC Chair is a single individual, voted for by the existing PMC
members. Once someone has been appointed Chair, the PMC Chair remains in
that role until he or she chooses to retire, or the PMC casts a
two-thirds majority vote to remove the PMC Chair.</p>
<p>The PMC Chair has no additional authority over other members of the
PMC: the role is one of coordinator and facilitator. The Chair is also
expected to ensure that all governance processes are adhered to, and has
the casting vote when the project fails to reach consensus.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.1.6" id="support"><span class="header-section-number">2.1.6</span> Support</h3>
<p>All participants in the community are encouraged to provide support
for new users within the project management infrastructure. This support
is provided as a way of growing the community. Those seeking support
should recognize that all support activity within the project is
voluntary and is therefore provided as and when time allows. A user
requiring guaranteed response times or results should therefore seek to
purchase a support contract from a community member. However, for those
willing to engage with the project on its own terms, and willing to help
support other users, the community support channels are ideal.</p>
<h2 data-number="2.2" id="decision-making-process"><span class="header-section-number">2.2</span> Decision making process</h2>
<p>Decisions about the future of the project are made through discussion
with all members of the community, from the newest user to the most
experienced PMC member. All non-sensitive project management discussion
takes place on the project contributors’ mailing list. Occasionally,
sensitive discussion occurs on a private list.</p>
<p>In order to ensure that the project is not bogged down by endless
discussion and continual voting, the project operates a policy of lazy
consensus. This allows the majority of decisions to be made without
resorting to a formal vote.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.2.1" id="lazy-consensus"><span class="header-section-number">2.2.1</span> Lazy consensus</h3>
<p>Decision making typically involves the following steps:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Proposal</li>
<li>Discussion</li>
<li>Vote (if consensus is not reached through discussion)</li>
<li>Decision</li>
</ol>
<p>Any community member can make a proposal for consideration by the
community. In order to initiate a discussion about a new idea, they
should send an email to the project contributors’ list or submit a patch
implementing the idea to the issue tracker (or version-control system if
they have commit access). This will prompt a review and, if necessary, a
discussion of the idea. The goal of this review and discussion is to
gain approval for the contribution. Since most people in OREKIT
community have a shared vision, there is often little need for
discussion in order to reach consensus.</p>
<p>In general, as long as nobody explicitly opposes a proposal or patch,
it is recognized as having the support of the community. This is called
lazy consensus - that is, those who have not stated their opinion
explicitly have implicitly agreed to the implementation of the
proposal.</p>
<p>Lazy consensus is a very important concept within OREKIT. It is this
process that allows a large group of people to efficiently reach
consensus, as someone with no objections to a proposal need not spend
time stating their position, and others need not spend time reading such
mails.</p>
<p>For lazy consensus to be effective, it is necessary to allow at least
72 hours before assuming that there are no objections to the proposal.
This requirement ensures that everyone is given enough time to read,
digest and respond to the proposal. This time period is chosen so as to
be as inclusive as possible of all participants, regardless of their
location and time commitments.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.2.2" id="voting"><span class="header-section-number">2.2.2</span> Voting</h3>
<p>Not all decisions can be made using lazy consensus. Issues such as
those affecting the strategic direction or legal standing of the project
must gain explicit approval in the form of a vote. This section
describes how a vote is conducted. Section 2.4.4 discusses when a vote
is needed.</p>
<p>If a formal vote on a proposal is called (signaled simply by sending
a email with ‘[VOTE]’ in the subject line), all participants on the
project contributors’ list may express an opinion and vote. They do this
by sending an email in reply to the original ‘[VOTE]’ email, with the
following vote and information:</p>
<ul>
<li>+1 ‘yes’, ‘agree’: also willing to help bring about the proposed
action</li>
<li>+0 ‘yes’, ‘agree’: not willing or able to help bring about the
proposed action</li>
<li>-0 ‘no’, ‘disagree’: but will not oppose the action’s going
forward</li>
<li>-1 ‘no’, ‘disagree’: opposes the action’s going forward and must
propose an alternative action to address the issue (or a justification
for not addressing the issue)</li>
</ul>
<p>To abstain from the vote, participants simply do not respond to the
email. However, it can be more helpful to cast a ‘+0’ or ‘-0’ than to
abstain, since this allows the team to gauge the general feeling of the
community if the proposal should be controversial.</p>
<p>Every member of the community, from interested user to the most
active developer, has a vote. The project encourages all members to
express their opinions in all discussion and all votes. However, only
committers to the project (as defined above) and/or PMC members have
binding votes for the purposes of decision making. It is therefore their
responsibility to ensure that the opinions of all community members are
considered. While only committers and PMC members have a binding vote, a
well-justified ‘-1’ from a non-committer must be considered by the
community, and if appropriate, supported by a binding ‘-1’.</p>
<p>When a [VOTE] receives a ‘-1’, it is the responsibility of the
community as a whole to address the objection. Such discussion will
continue until the objection is rescinded or the proposal itself is
altered in order to achieve consensus (possibly by withdrawing it
altogether). In the rare circumstance that consensus cannot be achieved,
the PMC will decide the forward course of action.</p>
<p>In summary:</p>
<ul>
<li>Those who don’t agree with the proposal and think they have a better
idea should vote -1 and defend their counter-proposal.</li>
<li>Those who don’t agree but don’t have a better idea should vote
-0.</li>
<li>Those who agree but will not actively assist in implementing the
proposal should vote +0.</li>
<li>Those who agree and will actively assist in implementing the
proposal should vote +1.</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-number="2.2.3" id="types-of-approval"><span class="header-section-number">2.2.3</span> Types of approval</h3>
<p>Different actions require different types of approval, ranging from
lazy consensus to a majority decision by the PMC. These are summarized
in the table below. The section after the table describes which type of
approval should be used in common situations.</p>
<table class="table table-hover">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 20%" />
<col style="width: 44%" />
<col style="width: 34%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Type</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Duration</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lazy consensus</td>
<td>An action with lazy consensus is implicitly allowed, unless a
binding -1 vote is received. Depending on the type of action, a vote
will then be called. Note that even though a binding -1 is required to
prevent the action, all community members are encouraged to cast a -1
vote with supporting argument. Committers are expected to evaluate the
argument and, if necessary, support it with a binding -1.</td>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lazy majority</td>
<td>A lazy majority vote requires more binding +1 votes than binding -1
votes.</td>
<td>120 hours</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Consensus approval</td>
<td>Consensus approval requires more binding +1 votes than binding -1
votes and at least three binding +1 votes.</td>
<td>120 hours</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>2/3 majority</td>
<td>Some strategic actions require a 2/3 majority of PMC members; in
addition, 2/3 of the binding votes cast must be +1. Such actions
typically affect the foundation of the project (e.g. adopting a new code
base to replace an existing product).</td>
<td>168 hours</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 data-number="2.2.4" id="when-is-a-vote-required"><span class="header-section-number">2.2.4</span> When is a vote required?</h3>
<p>Every effort is made to allow the majority of decisions to be taken
through lazy consensus. That is, simply stating one’s intentions is
assumed to be enough to proceed, unless an objection is raised. However,
some activities require a more formal approval process in order to
ensure fully transparent decision making.</p>
<p>The table below describes some of the actions that will require a
vote. It also identifies which type of vote should be called.</p>
<table class="table table-hover">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 36%" />
<col style="width: 41%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Action</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Approval type</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Release plan</td>
<td>Defines the timetable and actions for a release.</td>
<td>Lazy majority</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Product release</td>
<td>When a release of one of the project’s products is ready, a vote is
required to accept the release as an official release of the project,
except for patch releases (see below).</td>
<td>Lazy majority</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New committer</td>
<td>A new committer has been proposed.</td>
<td>Consensus approval of PMC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New PMC member</td>
<td>A new PMC member has been proposed.</td>
<td>2/3 majority of the PMC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Committer removal</td>
<td>When removal of commit privileges is sought.</td>
<td>2/3 majority of the PMC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PMC member removal</td>
<td>When removal of PMC membership is sought.</td>
<td>2/3 majority of the community limited to active contributors,
committers and PMC members</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PMC rules changes</td>
<td>When the rules defined in this document are changed.</td>
<td>2/3 majority of the PMC</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Version numbers for releases follow the traditional
major.minor[.patch] numbering model. Major number are changed when
changes that induce upward incompatibilities for users appears. This
typically corresponds to changes in existing public Application
Programming Interface that users may already use in their code. Minor
number changes without change to major number when users can use the new
version directly without changing their code. This typically corresponds
to adding new features not present before (or adding new methods in
existing features) and fixing bugs. Patch number are generally not used,
but may be added for bug-fixing only releases, without feature
changes.</p>
<p>Votes is generally required for releases that involve functional
changes, like new features added. However, in order to speed up release
of urgent corrections, votes are not required for releasing patch
versions that only involve bug fixes. Such releases can be decided
directly by the development team, which must discuss it on the
developers mailing list and vote for this urgent release directly on the
mailing list, with vote delays adapted to the urgency. The PMC
<strong>must</strong> be notified of the situation and be given at least
a 24 hours delay during which the PMC can deny the urgency and ask for a
formal release vote.</p>
<h2 data-number="2.3" id="contribution-process"><span class="header-section-number">2.3</span> Contribution process</h2>
<p>Anyone can contribute to OREKIT, regardless of their skills, as there
are many ways to contribute. For instance, a contributor might be active
on the project mailing list and issue tracker, or might supply
<a href="http://oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/softwarepatch">patches</a>.</p>
<p>The developer mailing list is the most appropriate place for a
contributor to ask for help when making their first contribution.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.3.1" id="contributor-license-agreements"><span class="header-section-number">2.3.1</span> Contributor License Agreements</h3>
<p>All contributors of ideas, code or documentation to OREKIT complete,
sign, and submit (via postal mail or email) an
<a href="https://apache.org/licenses/icla.pdf">Individual Contributor License Agreement</a>
(ICLA) (see Annex). The purpose of this agreement
is to clearly define the terms under which intellectual property has
been contributed to OREKIT and thereby allow PMC to defend the project
should there be a legal dispute regarding the software at some future
time. A signed ICLA is required to be on file before an individual is
given commit rights to OREKIT project.</p>
<p>For a corporation that has assigned employees to work on OREKIT, a
<a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/cla-corporate.pdf">Corporate CLA</a>
(CCLA) (see annex) is available for contributing intellectual
property via the corporation, that may have been assigned as part of an
employment agreement. Note that a Corporate CLA does not remove the need
for every developer to sign their own ICLA as an individual, to cover
any of their contributions which are not owned by the corporation
signing the CCLA.</p>
<p>CLAs may be submitted by traditional postal mail or by emailing a
scan of the signed copy to PMC. It is also possible to fill out the PDF
document or edit the text document, create a detached GPG signature, and
send both the document and the detached signature via email to PMC.</p>
<h3 data-number="2.3.2" id="software-grants"><span class="header-section-number">2.3.2</span> Software Grants</h3>
<p>When an individual or corporation decides to donate a body of
existing software or documentation to OREKIT, they need to execute a
formal <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/software-grant-template.pdf">Software Grant Agreement</a>
(SGA) (see annex) with OREKIT PMC.</p>
<h1 data-number="3" id="annex-contributor-license-agreements-and-software-grants"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Annex: contributor license agreements and software grants</h1>
<p>The following agreements have been established using models proposed
by the Apache Foundation, under Copyright © 2010 The Apache Software
Foundation, Licensed under the
<a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
<h2 data-number="3.1" id="icla"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> ICLA</h2>
<p>OREKIT Project</p>
<p>Individual Contributor License Agreement (“Agreement”) V2.0</p>
<p><a href="{{ site.url }}/license.html" class="uri">{{ site.url }}/license.html</a></p>
<p>Thank you for your interest in OREKIT project. In order to clarify
the intellectual property license granted with Contributions from any
person or entity, OREKIT project must have a Contributor License
Agreement (“CLA”) on file that has been signed by each Contributor,
indicating agreement to the license terms below. This license is for
your protection as a Contributor as well as the protection OREKIT
project and its users; it does not change your rights to use your own
Contributions for any other purpose. If you have not already done so,
please complete and sign, then scan and email a PDF file of this
Agreement to <a href="mailto:cla@orekit.org">cla@orekit.org</a>.</p>
<p>Please read this document carefully before signing and keep a copy
for your records.</p>
<p>Full name: ………………………………………………………….</p>
<p>Mailing Address: …………………………………………………….</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>Country: ……………………………………………………………</p>
<p>Telephone: ………………………………………………………….</p>
<p>Facsimile: ………………………………………………………….</p>
<p>E-Mail: …………………………………………………………….</p>
<p>You accept and agree to the following terms and conditions for Your
present and future Contributions submitted to OREKIT project. In return,
OREKIT Project shall not use Your Contributions in a way that is
contrary to the public benefit or inconsistent with its nonprofit status
and bylaws in effect at the time of the Contribution. Except for the
license granted herein to OREKIT and recipients of software distributed
by OREKIT, You reserve all right, title, and interest in and to Your
Contributions.</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Definitions.</li>
</ol>
<p>“You” (or “Your”) shall mean the copyright owner or legal entity
authorized by the copyright owner that is making this Agreement with
OREKIT. For legal entities, the entity making a Contribution and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity are considered to be a single Contributor. For
the purposes of this definition, “control” means (i) the power, direct
or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity,
whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent
(50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership
of such entity.</p>
<p>“Contribution” shall mean any original work of authorship, including
any modifications or additions to an existing work, that is
intentionally submitted by You to OREKIT Project for inclusion in, or
documentation of, any of the products owned or managed by OREKIT (the
“Work”). For the purposes of this definition, “submitted” means any form
of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to OREKIT or its
representatives, including but not limited to communication on
electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue
tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, OREKIT Project
for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding
communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in
writing by You as “Not a Contribution.”</p>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li><p>Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, You hereby grant to OREKIT project and to recipients
of software distributed by OREKIT a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive,
no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce,
prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform,
sublicense, and distribute Your Contributions and such derivative
works.</p></li>
<li><p>Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this Agreement, You hereby grant to OREKIT Project and to recipients of
software distributed by OREKIT a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive,
no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section)
patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and
otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those
patent claims licensable by You that are necessarily infringed by Your
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of Your Contribution(s) with the
Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If any entity
institutes patent litigation against You or any other entity (including
a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that your
Contribution, or the Work to which you have contributed, constitutes
direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to that entity under this Agreement for that Contribution or
Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.</p></li>
<li><p>You represent that you are legally entitled to grant the above
license. If your employer(s) has rights to intellectual property that
you create that includes your Contributions, you represent that you have
received permission to make Contributions on behalf of that employer,
that your employer has waived such rights for your Contributions to
OREKIT Project, or that your employer has executed a separate Corporate
CLA with OREKIT project.</p></li>
<li><p>You represent that each of Your Contributions is Your original
creation (see section 7 for submissions on behalf of others). You
represent that Your Contribution submissions include complete details of
any third-party license or other restriction (including, but not limited
to, related patents and trademarks) of which you are personally aware
and which are associated with any part of Your Contributions.</p></li>
<li><p>You are not expected to provide support for Your Contributions,
except to the extent You desire to provide support. You may provide
support for free, for a fee, or not at all. Unless required by
applicable law or agreed to in writing, You provide Your Contributions
on an “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties
or conditions of TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.</p></li>
<li><p>Should You wish to submit work that is not Your original
creation, You may submit it to OREKIT Project separately from any
Contribution, identifying the complete details of its source and of any
license or other restriction (including, but not limited to, related
patents, trademarks, and license agreements) of which you are personally
aware, and conspicuously marking the work as “Submitted on behalf of a
third-party: [named here]”.</p></li>
<li><p>You agree to notify OREKIT Project of any facts or circumstances
of which you become aware that would make these representations
inaccurate in any respect.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Please sign: ……………………………. Date: ……………………</p>
<h2 data-number="3.2" id="ccla"><span class="header-section-number">3.2</span> CCLA</h2>
<p>OREKIT Project</p>
<p>Software Grant and Corporate Contributor License Agreement
(“Agreement”)</p>
<p><a href="{{ site.url }}/license.html" class="uri">{{ site.url }}/license.html</a></p>
<p>Thank you for your interest in The OREKIT Project. In order to
clarify the intellectual property license granted with Contributions
from any person or entity, OREKIT Project must have a Contributor
License Agreement (CLA) on file that has been signed by each
Contributor, indicating agreement to the license terms below. This
license is for your protection as a Contributor as well as the
protection of OREKIT Project and its users; it does not change your
rights to use your own Contributions for any other purpose.</p>
<p>This version of the Agreement allows an entity (the “Corporation”) to
submit Contributions to OREKIT Project, to authorize Contributions
submitted by its designated employees to OREKIT Project, and to grant
copyright and patent licenses thereto.</p>
<p>If you have not already done so, please complete and sign, then scan
and email a PDF file of this Agreement to OREKIT Project.</p>
<p>Please read this document carefully before signing and keep a copy
for your records.</p>
<p>Corporation name: ……………………………………………………</p>
<p>Corporation address: …………………………………………………</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>Point of Contact: ……………………………………………………</p>
<p>E-Mail: …………………………………………………………….</p>
<p>Telephone: ………………………… Fax: ………………………….</p>
<p>You accept and agree to the following terms and conditions for Your
present and future Contributions submitted to OREKIT Project. In return,
OREKIT Project shall not use Your Contributions in a way that is
contrary to the public benefit or inconsistent with its non profit
status and bylaws in effect at the time of the Contribution. Except for
the license granted herein to OREKIT Project and recipients of software
distributed OREKIT Project, You reserve all right, title, and interest
in and to Your Contributions.</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Definitions.</li>
</ol>
<p>“You” (or “Your”) shall mean the copyright owner or legal entity
authorized by the copyright owner that is making this Agreement with
OREKIT Project. For legal entities, the entity making a Contribution and
all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity are considered to be a single Contributor. For
the purposes of this definition, “control” means (i) the power, direct
or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity,
whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent
(50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership
of such entity.</p>
<p>“Contribution” shall mean the code, documentation or other original
works of authorship expressly identified in Schedule B, as well as any
original work of authorship, including any modifications or additions to
an existing work, that is intentionally submitted by You to OREKIT
Project for inclusion in, or documentation of, any of the products owned
or managed by OREKIT Project (the “Work”). For the purposes of this
definition, “submitted” means any form of electronic, verbal, or written
communication sent to OREKIT Project or its representatives, including
but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source
code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or
on behalf of, OREKIT Project for the purpose of discussing and improving
the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or
otherwise designated in writing by You as “Not a Contribution.”</p>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li><p>Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, You hereby grant to OREKIT Project and to recipients
of software distributed by OREKIT Project a perpetual, worldwide,
nonexclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to
reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly
perform, sublicense, and distribute Your Contributions and such
derivative works.</p></li>
<li><p>Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this Agreement, You hereby grant to OREKIT Project and to recipients of
software distributed by OREKIT Project a perpetual, worldwide,
nonexclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in
this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell,
sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license
applies only to those patent claims licensable by You that are
necessarily infringed by Your Contribution(s) alone or by combination of
Your Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) were
submitted. If any entity institutes patent litigation against You or any
other entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit)
alleging that your Contribution, or the Work to which you have
contributed, constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement,
then any patent licenses granted to that entity under this Agreement for
that Contribution or Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation
is filed.</p></li>
<li><p>You represent that You are legally entitled to grant the above
license. You represent further that each employee of the Corporation
designated on Schedule A below (or in a subsequent written modification
to that Schedule) is authorized to submit Contributions on behalf of the
Corporation.</p></li>
<li><p>You represent that each of Your Contributions is Your original
creation (see section 7 for submissions on behalf of others).</p></li>
<li><p>You are not expected to provide support for Your Contributions,
except to the extent You desire to provide support. You may provide
support for free, for a fee, or not at all. Unless required by
applicable law or agreed to in writing, You provide Your Contributions
on an “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties
or conditions of TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.</p></li>
<li><p>Should You wish to submit work that is not Your original
creation, You may submit it to OREKIT Project separately from any
Contribution, identifying the complete details of its source and of any
license or other restriction (including, but not limited to, related
patents, trademarks, and license agreements) of which you are personally
aware, and conspicuously marking the work as “Submitted on behalf of a
third-party: [named here]”.</p></li>
<li><p>It is your responsibility to notify OREKIT Project when any
change is required to the list of designated employees authorized to
submit Contributions on behalf of the Corporation, or to the
Corporation’s Point of Contact with OREKIT Project.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Please sign: ……………………………… Date: ………………….</p>
<p>Title: ……………………………………………………………..</p>
<p>Corporation: ………………………………………………………..</p>
<p>Schedule A</p>
<p>[Initial list of designated employees. NB: authorization is not tied
to particular Contributions.]</p>
<p>Schedule B</p>
<p>[Identification of optional concurrent software grant. Would be left
blank or omitted if there is no concurrent software grant.]</p>
<h2 data-number="3.3" id="software-grant"><span class="header-section-number">3.3</span> Software grant</h2>
<p>License Agreement</p>
<p>This License Agreement is entered into as of the ….. day of ……………,
…….. by …………………………… (“Licensor”), in favor of OREKIT Project.</p>
<p>WHEREAS, Licensor owns or has sufficient rights to contribute the
software source code and other related intellectual property as itemized
on Exhibit A (“Software”) under the terms of this agreement to OREKIT
Project.</p>
<p>NOW, THEREFORE, FOR GOOD AND VALUABLE CONSIDERATION, the receipt and
legal sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto,
intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby
grants to OREKIT Project:</li>
</ol>
<ol type="a">
<li><p>a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright
license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display,
publicly perform, distribute and sublicense, internally and externally,
the Software and such derivative works, in source code and object code
form; and,</p></li>
<li><p>a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free, irrevocable patent
license under Licensed Patents to make, use, sell, offer to sell, import
and otherwise transfer the Software in source code and object code form.
“Licensed Patents” mean patent claims owned by Licensor which are
necessarily infringed by the use or sale of the Software alone.</p></li>
</ol>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li><p>Licensor represents that, to Licensor’s knowledge, Licensor is
legally entitled to grant the above license. Licensor agrees to notify
OREKIT Project of any facts or circumstances of which Licensor becomes
aware and which makes or would make Licensor’s representations in this
License Agreement inaccurate in any respect.</p></li>
<li><p>This Software is provided AS-IS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NEITHER THE LICENSOR NOR ITS
SUPPLIERS WILL BE LIABLE TO OREKIT PROJECT OR ITS LICENSEES FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE WORK OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED
HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>This License Agreement is the entire agreement of the parties with
respect to its subject matter, and may only be amended by a writing
signed by each party. This License Agreement may be executed in one or
more counterparts, each of which shall be considered an original.</p>
<p>IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Licensor has executed this License Agreement as
of the date first written above.</p>
<p>LICENSOR:</p>
<p>Signed By: ………………………………………………………….</p>
<p>Print Name: …………………………………………………………</p>
<p>Title: ……………………………………………………………..</p>
<p>Representing: ……………………………………………………….</p>
<p>……………………………………………………………………</p>
<p>Contact Name: ……………………………………………………….</p>
<p>Contact Email: ………………………………………………………</p>
<p>Exhibit A</p>
<p>List of software and other intellectual property covered by this
agreement:</p>
......@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ layout: home_orekit
<h2><span class="fa fa-institution"></span>Open governance</h2>
<p>The Orekit project is driven according to an
<a href="{{ site.url }}/doc/orekit_governance_v4.pdf">open governance model</a>,
<a href="/governance.html">open governance model</a>,
involving representatives from different space field actors in a Project
Management Committee (PMC).</p>
......
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